المصادر المعينة على فهم كتب المدينة
الْكِتَابُ الثَّانِي مِنْ سِلْسِلَةِ تَعْلِيمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِغَيْرِ النَّاطِقِينَ بِهَا - الْمُسْتَوَى الْمُتَوَسِّطُ
The second book in the Arabic language learning series for non-native speakers - Intermediate level
الدَّرْسُ الثَّلَاثُونَ
Lesson 30
يُوَضِّحُ هَذَا الدَّرْسُ إِسْنَادَ الْفِعْلِ الْمَاضِي وَالْمُضَارِعِ وَالْأَمْرِ إِلَى ضَمِيرِ الْمُثَنَّى (أَلِفُ الِاثْنَيْنِ)، مُبَيِّنًا عَلَامَاتِ الْإِعْرَابِ أَوِ الْبِنَاءِ. كَمَا يُعِيدُ التَّأْكِيدَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُضَارِعَ الْمُسْنَدَ إِلَى أَلِفِ الِاثْنَيْنِ هُوَ مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ الْخَمْسَةِ.
This lesson explains assigning the past, present, and imperative verbs to the dual pronoun (alif al-ithnayn - ـَا), showing the signs of declension or being built. It also re-emphasizes that the present tense verb assigned to alif al-ithnayn is one of the Five Verbs.
الْمَاضِي: الطَّالِبَانِ ذَهَبَا، الطَّالِبَتَانِ ذَهَبَتَا (مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ، الْأَلِفُ فَاعِلٌ). الْمُضَارِعُ الْمَرْفُوعُ: يَذْهَبَانِ، تَذْهَبَانِ (عَلَامَةُ الرَّفْعِ: ثُبُوتُ النُّونِ). الْمُضَارِعُ الْمَنْصُوبُ/الْمَجْزُومُ: لَنْ يَذْهَبَا، لَمْ يَذْهَبَا (عَلَامَةُ النَّصْبِ/الْجَزْمِ: حَذْفُ النُّونِ). الْأَمْرُ: اذْهَبَا (مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى حَذْفِ النُّونِ).
The dual pronoun is "alif al-ithnayn" (ـَا), which is the doer. Past: ذَهَبَا (they two m. went), ذَهَبَتَا (they two f. went) - built on fatḥah. Present (one of the Five Verbs): Nominative يَذْهَبَانِ (they two go - presence of nūn). Accusative/Jussive لَنْ/لَمْ يَذْهَبَا (omission of nūn). Imperative: اذْهَبَا (go! dual - built on omission of nūn).
الْمُضَارِعُ الْمُسْنَدُ إِلَى أَلِفِ الِاثْنَيْنِ فِعْلٌ مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ الْخَمْسَةِ.
A reminder that a present tense verb ending with "alif al-ithnayn" (ـَانِ) is one of the Five Verbs, and thus is nominative with the presence of nūn, and accusative/jussive with the omission of nūn.