المصادر المعينة على فهم كتب المدينة
الْكِتَابُ الثَّانِي مِنْ سِلْسِلَةِ تَعْلِيمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِغَيْرِ النَّاطِقِينَ بِهَا - الْمُسْتَوَى الْمُتَوَسِّطُ
The second book in the Arabic language learning series for non-native speakers - Intermediate level
الدَّرْسُ الثَّامِنَ عَشَرَ
Lesson 18
يُعِيدُ هَذَا الدَّرْسُ التَّأْكِيدَ عَلَى حَذْفِ النُّونِ مِنَ الْأَفْعَالِ الْخَمْسَةِ لِلنَّصْبِ، وَبِنَاءِ الْفِعْلِ الْمُضَارِعِ الْمُسْنَدِ إِلَى نُونِ النِّسْوَةِ. كَمَا يُوَضِّحُ اسْتِخْدَامَ "أَلَّا" (أَنْ + لَا)، وَكَافِ التَّشْبِيهِ.
This lesson re-emphasizes the omission of "nūn" from the Five Verbs when accusative, and the built nature of the present tense verb when assigned to "nūn an-niswah". It also clarifies the use of "أَلَّا" (أَنْ + لَا), and the "kāf" of simile.
مَاذَا تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَشْتَرُوا؟ يَا هِنْدُ لَنْ تَخْرُجِي.
Review: The "nūn" is dropped from the Five Verbs when they are in the accusative case. Examples: "...that you (m.pl.) buy?", "O Hind, you will not go out."
الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ إِذَا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ نُونُ النِّسْوَةِ صَارَ مَبْنِيًّا عَلَى السُّكُونِ فِي الرَّفْعِ، وَالْجَزْمِ، وَالنَّصْبِ. الطَّالِبَاتُ يَدْرُسْنَ. الطَّالِبَاتُ لَمْ يَدْرُسْنَ. الطَّالِبَاتُ لَنْ يَدْرُسْنَ.
Review: When "nūn an-niswah" (feminine plural "they/you") is attached to a present tense verb, the verb becomes built on sukūn, regardless of whether it is nominative, jussive, or accusative.
أَصْلُهَا: أَنْ + لَا النَّافِيَةُ. أَرْجُو أَنْ تَدْخُلَ -> أَرْجُو أَلَّا تَدْخُلَ.
"أَلَّا" is a combination of the accusative particle "أَنْ" (that) and "لَا النَّافِيَةُ" (lā of negation - not). The verb following "أَلَّا" remains accusative. Example: "I hope that you enter" -> "I hope that you do not enter."
حَرْفُ جَرٍّ يُفِيدُ التَّشْبِيهَ. هَذِهِ الْمَدْرَسَةُ كَالْمَسْجِدِ. أَنْتَ كَالْأَسَدِ.
The particle "كَـ" (ka-) is a preposition meaning "like" or "as", used for making comparisons. Examples: "This school is like the masjid." "You are like a lion."
كُلُّ فِعْلٍ مُضَارِعٍ اتَّصَلَتْ بِهِ وَاوُ الْجَمَاعَةِ، أَوْ أَلِفُ الِاثْنَيْنِ، أَوْ يَاءُ الْمُخَاطَبَةِ. (يَدْرُسُونَ، تَدْرُسُونَ، يَدْرُسَانِ، تَدْرُسَانِ، تَدْرُسِينَ).
A reminder that the Five Verbs are present tense verbs ending with: wāw al-jamāʿah (ـُونَ), alif al-ithnayn (ـَانِ), or yāʾ al-mukhāṭabah (ـِينَ).