المصادر المعينة على فهم كتب المدينة
الْكِتَابُ الثَّانِي مِنْ سِلْسِلَةِ تَعْلِيمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِغَيْرِ النَّاطِقِينَ بِهَا - الْمُسْتَوَى الْمُتَوَسِّطُ
The second book in the Arabic language learning series for non-native speakers - Intermediate level
الدَّرْسُ الثَّالِثُ وَالْعِشْرُونَ
Lesson 23
يَشْرَحُ هَذَا الدَّرْسُ إِعْرَابَ جَمْعِ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمِ وَأَلْفَاظِ الْعُقُودِ (الرَّفْعُ بِالْوَاوِ، وَالنَّصْبُ وَالْجَرُّ بِالْيَاءِ). كَمَا يُنَاقِشُ نَفْيَ الْفِعْلِ الْمَاضِي بِـ "لَا" النَّافِيَةِ وَشَرْطَ تَكْرَارِهَا.
This lesson explains the declension of the sound masculine plural and tens (nominative with wāw, accusative and genitive with yāʾ). It also discusses negating the past tense verb with "لَا" (lā of negation) and the condition of its repetition.
جَمْعُ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمُ وَأَلْفَاظُ الْعُقُودِ (٢٠، ٣٠...): يُرْفَعُ بِالْوَاوِ (ـُونَ)، وَيُنْصَبُ وَيُجَرُّ بِالْيَاءِ (ـِينَ).
The sound masculine plural (e.g., مُدَرِّسُونَ - teachers) and tens (e.g., عِشْرُونَ - twenty) are nominative with "wāw" (ending in ـُونَ) and accusative/genitive with "yāʾ" (ending in ـِينَ).
الرَّفْعُ: جَاءَ الْمُدَرِّسُونَ. جَاءَ عِشْرُونَ طَالِبًا. النَّصْبُ: رَأَيْتُ الْمُدَرِّسِينَ. رَأَيْتُ عِشْرِينَ طَالِبًا. الْجَرُّ: سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى الْمُدَرِّسِينَ. مَرَرْتُ بِعِشْرِينَ طَالِبًا.
Nominative: "The teachers came." "Twenty students came." Accusative: "I saw the teachers." "I saw twenty students." Genitive: "I greeted the teachers." "I passed by twenty students."
الْأَصْلُ أَنْ يُنْفَى الْمَاضِي بِـ (مَا). قَدْ يُنْفَى بِـ (لَا)، وَحِينَئِذٍ يَجِبُ تَكْرَارُهَا. لَا أَكَلْتُ وَلَا شَرِبْتُ. قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّى﴾.
While the past tense is usually negated with "مَا", it can be negated with "لَا". If "لَا" is used to negate a past action, it must be repeated. Example: "I neither ate nor drank." (Lit: I did not eat and I did not drink).