المصادر المعينة على فهم كتب المدينة
الْكِتَابُ الثَّانِي مِنْ سِلْسِلَةِ تَعْلِيمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِغَيْرِ النَّاطِقِينَ بِهَا - الْمُسْتَوَى الْمُتَوَسِّطُ
The second book in the Arabic language learning series for non-native speakers - Intermediate level
الدَّرْسُ الرَّابِعُ وَالْعِشْرُونَ
Lesson 24
يُقَدِّمُ هَذَا الدَّرْسُ مُرَاجَعَةً شَامِلَةً لِقَوَاعِدِ الْعَدَدِ وَالْمَعْدُودِ، مُغَطِّيًا الْأَعْدَادَ الْمُفْرَدَةَ، الْمُرَكَّبَةَ، أَلْفَاظَ الْعُقُودِ، الْمِئَاتِ، وَالْآلَافَ، مَعَ أَحْكَامِ الْمُوَافَقَةِ وَالْمُخَالَفَةِ فِي التَّذْكِيرِ وَالتَّأْنِيثِ، وَإِعْرَابِ الْمَعْدُودِ.
This lesson provides a comprehensive review of the rules for numbers and the counted noun, covering single numbers, compound numbers, tens, hundreds, and thousands, along with rules of agreement/disagreement in gender, and the declension of the counted noun.
يُوَافِقَانِ الْمَعْدُودَ. طَالِبٌ وَاحِدٌ. طَالِبَتَانِ اثْنَتَانِ.
Numbers 1 and 2 agree in gender with the counted noun. They usually follow the noun.
تُخَالِفُ الْمَعْدُودَ فِي الْجِنْسِ. الْمَعْدُودُ جَمْعٌ مَجْرُورٌ بِالْإِضَافَةِ. ثَلَاثَةُ طُلَّابٍ. ثَلَاثُ طَالِبَاتٍ.
Numbers 3-10 disagree in gender with the counted noun. The counted noun is plural and genitive (muḍāf ilayhi). Gender is determined by the singular of the counted noun.
الْجُزْءَانِ يُوَافِقَانِ الْمَعْدُودَ. الْمَعْدُودُ مُفْرَدٌ مَنْصُوبٌ (تَمْيِيزٌ). أَحَدَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا. اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ طَالِبَةً.
For 11 and 12, both parts of the number agree in gender with the counted noun. The counted noun is singular and accusative (tamyīz).
الْجُزْءُ الْأَوَّلُ (الْآحَادُ) يُخَالِفُ الْمَعْدُودَ، وَالْجُزْءُ الثَّانِي (عَشَرَ/عَشْرَةَ) يُوَافِقُ. الْمَعْدُودُ مُفْرَدٌ مَنْصُوبٌ. ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا. ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ طَالِبَةً.
For 13-19, the first part (units) disagrees in gender with the counted noun, and the second part ("ten") agrees. The counted noun is singular and accusative.
تَأْتِي بِصُورَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ مَعَ الْمُذَكَّرِ وَالْمُؤَنَّثِ. الْمَعْدُودُ مُفْرَدٌ مَنْصُوبٌ. عِشْرُونَ طَالِبًا. عِشْرُونَ طَالِبَةً.
Tens (20, 30, etc.) have one form regardless of the gender of the counted noun. The counted noun is singular and accusative.
تَأْتِي بِصُورَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ مَعَ الْمُذَكَّرِ وَالْمُؤَنَّثِ. الْمَعْدُودُ مُفْرَدٌ مَجْرُورٌ بِالْإِضَافَةِ. مِائَةُ طَالِبٍ. أَلْفُ طَالِبَةٍ.
100 (مِائَة), 1000 (أَلْف), 2000 (أَلْفَانِ/أَلْفَيْ) etc., have one form for gender. The counted noun is singular and genitive (muḍāf ilayhi).
الْعَدَدُ مِنْ (٣-٩) يَكُونُ مُذَكَّرًا؛ لِأَنَّ لَفْظَ (مِائَةٍ) مُؤَنَّثٌ. ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ طَالِبٍ.
For 300-900, the unit (3-9) is masculine because "مِائَة" (hundred) is treated as feminine. Example: ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ (three hundred).
الْعَدَدُ مِنْ (٣-٩) يَكُونُ مُؤَنَّثًا؛ لِأَنَّ لَفْظَ (أَلْفٍ) مُذَكَّرٌ. ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافِ طَالِبٍ.
For 3000-9000, the unit (3-9) is feminine because "أَلْف" (thousand) is treated as masculine. Example: ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافٍ (three thousand).
عَشَر (مَعَ الْمُذَكَّرِ): الشِّينُ سَاكِنٌ فِي الْمُفْرَدِ (عَشْرُ)، مَفْتُوحٌ فِي الْمُرَكَّبِ (أَحَدَ عَشَرَ). عَشْرَة (مَعَ الْمُؤَنَّثِ): الشِّينُ مَفْتُوحٌ فِي الْمُفْرَدِ (عَشْرَةُ)، سَاكِنٌ فِي الْمُرَكَّبِ (إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ).
The vowel on the "shīn" of "ten" varies: With masculine counted noun, عَشْرُ (sukūn) when alone, but ـعَشَرَ (fatḥah) in 11-19. With feminine counted noun, عَشْرَةُ (fatḥah) when alone, but ـعَشْرَةَ (sukūn or fatḥah) in 11-19.