المصادر المعينة على فهم كتب المدينة

يَتَكَوَّنُ أُسْلُوبُ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ مِنْ: الْمُسْتَثْنَى مِنْهُ، وَأَدَاةِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ، وَالْمُسْتَثْنَى. [cite: 201]

The components are: the one from which the exception is made (المستثنى مِنْهُ), the particle of exception (أداة الاستثناء), and the exception itself (المستثنى). [cite: 201]

يَنْقَسِمُ إِلَى: تَامٍّ مُوجَبٍ، وَتَامٍّ غَيْرِ مُوجَبٍ (مَنْفِيٍّ)، وَمُفَرَّغٍ، وَمُتَّصِلٍ، وَمُنْقَطِعٍ. [cite: 202, 203, 204, 206]

Types include: Complete Affirmative (تَامٌّ مُوجَبٌ), Complete Non-Affirmative (تَامٌّ غَيْرُ مُوجَبٍ), Empty/Discharged (الْمُفَرَّغُ), Connected (الْمُتَّصِلُ), and Disconnected (الْمُنْقَطِعُ). [cite: 202, 203, 204, 206]

يَخْتَلِفُ إِعْرَابُ الْمُسْتَثْنَى بِـ(إِلَّا) بِحَسَبِ نَوْعِ الِاسْتِثْنَاءِ. [cite: 203, 204, 207]

In a complete affirmative sentence, it is accusative. In a complete non-affirmative sentence, it can be accusative or follow the original as a substitute (بدل). In an empty exception, it is declined according to its grammatical role in the sentence. [cite: 203, 204, 207]

يَأْخُذُ (غَيْرُ) وَ(سِوَى) حُكْمَ الِاسْمِ الْوَاقِعِ بَعْدَ (إِلَّا)، وَيَكُونُ مَا بَعْدَهُمَا مُضَافًا إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورًا. [cite: 208, 209]

What follows غَيْرُ and سِوَى is always genitive (مضاف إليه). غَيْرُ and سِوَى themselves take the declension that the exception would have taken with إِلَّا. [cite: 208, 209]

يُعَدَّانِ فِعْلَيْنِ مَاضِيَيْنِ، وَيَكُونُ الِاسْمُ بَعْدَهُمَا مَفْعُولًا بِهِ مَنْصُوبًا. [cite: 210]

They are considered past tense verbs, and what follows them is accusative (as a مفعول به). [cite: 210]