المصادر المعينة على فهم كتب المدينة

الْكِتَابُ الْأَوَّلُ مِنْ سِلْسِلَةِ تَعْلِيمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِغَيْرِ النَّاطِقِينَ بِهَا - الْمُسْتَوَى الْمُبْتَدِئُ

The first book in the Arabic language learning series for non-native speakers - Beginner level

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الدَّرْسَانِ السَّادِسَ عَشَرَ وَالسَّابِعَ عَشَرَ

يُرَكِّزُ هَذَانِ الدَّرْسَانِ عَلَى الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَالْخَبَرِ، وَالْإِشَارَةِ إِلَى جَمْعِ غَيْرِ الْعَاقِلِ.

These lessons focus on the subject (المبتدأ) and predicate (الخبر), and pointing to the plural of non-rational nouns.

الْمُبْتَدَأُ (al-mubtada' - subject)

الْمُبْتَدَأُ: اسْمٌ يَقَعُ فِي أَوَّلِ الْجُمْلَةِ.

Is a noun that occurs at the beginning of a sentence.

الْخَبَرُ (al-khabar - predicate)

الْخَبَرُ: اسْمٌ يَقَعُ بَعْدَ الْمُبْتَدَأِ، وَتَحْصُلُ بِهِ الْفَائِدَةُ.

Is a noun that occurs after the mubtada', and with it, the meaning is completed.

الْإِشَارَةُ إِلَى جَمْعِ غَيْرِ الْعَاقِلِ (Pointing to the plural of non-rational nouns)

الْجَمْعُ غَيْرُ الْعَاقِلِ لِلْقَرِيبِ (هَذِهِ): هَذِهِ كُتُبٌ. الْجَمْعُ غَيْرُ الْعَاقِلِ لِلْبَعِيدِ (تِلْكَ): تِلْكَ كُتُبٌ.

For the near plural non-rational, هَذِهِ (hādihi) is used. For the distant plural non-rational, تِلْكَ (tilka) is used.

تَرْكِيبُ جُمْلَةِ الْإِشَارَةِ لِجَمْعِ غَيْرِ الْعَاقِلِ (Structure of sentences pointing to non-rational plural)

هَذِهِ الْأَبْوَابُ مَفْتُوحَةٌ (هَذِهِ: مُبْتَدَأٌ، الْأَبْوَابُ: بَدَلٌ، مَفْتُوحَةٌ: خَبَرٌ).

Example: هَذِهِ الْأَبْوَابُ مَفْتُوحَةٌ (These doors are open). هَذِهِ is mubtada', الْأَبْوَابُ is badal, مَفْتُوحَةٌ is khabar.