المصادر المعينة على فهم كتب المدينة
الْكِتَابُ الْأَوَّلُ مِنْ سِلْسِلَةِ تَعْلِيمِ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِغَيْرِ النَّاطِقِينَ بِهَا - الْمُسْتَوَى الْمُبْتَدِئُ
The first book in the Arabic language learning series for non-native speakers - Beginner level
الدَّرْسُ الْعَاشِرُ
Lesson 10
يَشْرَحُ هَذَا الدَّرْسُ أَنْوَاعَ الضَّمَائِرِ (الْمُتَكَلِّمِ، الْمُخَاطَبِ، الْغَائِبِ)، وَاسْتِخْدَامَ 'عِنْدِي' وَ 'لِي'، وَظَرْفَ الْمَكَانِ 'مَعَ'، وَقَاعِدَةَ الْأَسْمَاءِ الْمُذَكَّرَةِ الْمَخْتُومَةِ بِتَاءِ التَّأْنِيثِ.
This lesson explains types of pronouns (first, second, third person), the use of 'عِنْدِي' (I have - for things) and 'لِي' (I have - for people), the adverb of place 'مَعَ' (with), and the rule for masculine proper nouns ending with ة.
الضَّمَائِرُ ثَلَاثَةٌ: ١- الْمُتَكَلِّمُ (أَنَا، بَيْتِي). ٢- الْمُخَاطَبُ (أَنْتَ، بَيْتُكَ). ٣- الْغَائِبُ (هُوَ، بَيْتُهُ).
Pronouns are of three types: First person (e.g., أَنَا - I, بَيْتِي - my house), Second person (e.g., أَنْتَ - you (m.sg.), بَيْتُكَ - your (m.sg.) house), Third person (e.g., هُوَ - he/it, بَيْتُهُ - his/its house).
عِنْدِي: لِغَيْرِ الْعَاقِلِ (عِنْدِي كِتَابٌ). لِي: لِلْعَاقِلِ (لِي أُخْتٌ).
عِنْدِي is used for non-rational things (e.g., I have a book). لِي is used for rational beings (e.g., I have a sister).
مَعَ: ظَرْفُ مَكَانٍ، الِاسْمُ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ مَجْرُورٌ بِالْكَسْرَةِ (مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ).
Is an adverb of place. The noun following it is genitive (muḍāf ilayhi).
مُحَمَّدٌ: حَمْزَةُ، خَالِدٌ: طَلْحَةُ.
Masculine proper nouns ending with ة (tā' marbūṭah) do not take tanween (e.g., حَمْزَةُ, طَلْحَةُ).